For IT lovers and Tech geeks, It’s time to Setup a Penetration Testing Lab to learn Information Security and testing some hacking tips for protecting our network or home computers from being hacked. This Lab we are going to create is not only for Hacking and Penetration Testing. It’s the lab which is necessary for all computer science students and technology geeks.

A Lab within a computer reduce electricity usage and has many more benefits. Even you can create it within your personal Laptop. If it would be on a laptop, it is portable and you can carry everywhere with yourself. The time is gone when the hardware of a computer was weak and just could run an operating system with a few software. But nowadays each computer at least has a CPU i3 or higher with 4 GB RAM or higher. So you can run multiple virtual operating systems (OS) separately at the same time.

Virtualization Tools To Set Up A Penetration Testing Lab

There are many Virtualization software for this purpose and all of them are easy to install and using a virtualization environment. Hyper-v,  a free and built-in hypervisor software on Windows 8 higher. It’s the best and I like it too much, but for enterprise network and working with Microsoft software products. Like SQL Server, Windows Server, System Center,  and others.

When we are using for multi-vendor products, Linux, Windows, Mac OS, Chrome OS, Router IOS, and Web Server and web Apps, we must install and test them on Lab that can support all of them. So from basic hacking a standalone PC to Wireless hacking and even web app penetration testing to enterprise network penetration testing I suggest to create your lab with VMWare.

VMWare workstation is the appropriate tool for setting up your penetration testing lab and networking training lab. Unfortunately, it is not free like Hyper-V. But you can use VMWare player for free which is not more flexible and doesn’t have the same functions as a workstation.

So good, you completely understand which Virtualization software is preferable and flexible for Learning Penetration Testing and Hacking. Now try to create your lab. First of all download all software you need for testing. Windows Server, Windows Client, Linux Operating system, and Web Application penetrating testing.

Install VMware as Virtual Host Server

Now go to VMware website and download the VMware workstation. Download the Windows edition if you are using Windows. It has for Linux and Mac OS also.  When the download complete successfully, simply install it like simple software installation and create a new virtual machine according to this step by step article ” How to Create A Virtual Machine in VMWare?“.

Note: Your system must meet the virtualization requirement. It must support virtualization technology (VT) and enabled before installing any virtualization software. You can enable it through your system BIOS where you can find other settings also.

To install Kali Linux on VMWare read the article “How to Install Dual Boot Windows and Kali Linux?“. In the next step, I will show you How to configure VMWare for Penetration Testing Lab.

The post Setup Penetration Testing Lab to Learn Hacking at Home appeared first on TECHNIG.

In the network switching, you can easily configure DHCP snooping to prevent DHCP spoofing attack and DHCP starvation attack. Before you mitigating DHCP attacks in the network, you need to know about DHCP functions and features. The DHCP servers dynamically provide IP configuration information including IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS servers, and more to clients. The sequence of DHCP message exchange between client and server.

Types of DHCP Attacks

There are some DHCP attacks that hackers can use to hack your network systems and access the information. The DHCP Spoofing attack and the DHCP Starvation attack.

1. DHCP Spoofing Attack

A DHCP spoofing attack occurs when a rogue DHCP server is connected to the network and provides false IP configuration parameters to legitimate clients. A rogue server can provide a variety of misleading information:

• Wrong default gateway – Attacker provides an invalid gateway or the IP address of its host to create a man-in-the-middle attack. This may go entirely undetected as the intruder intercepts the data flow through the network.

• Wrong DNS server – Attacker provides an incorrect DNS server address pointing the user to a nefarious website.

• Wrong IP address – Attacker provides an invalid default gateway IP address and creates a DoS attack on the DHCP client.

2. DHCP Starvation Attack

Another DHCP attack is the DHCP starvation attack. The goal of this attack is to create a DoS for connecting clients. DHCP starvation attacks require an attack tool such as Gobbler.

Gobbler has the ability to look at the entire scope of leasable IP addresses and tries to lease them all. Specifically, it creates DHCP discovery messages with bogus MAC addresses.

Mitigating DHCP Attacks

It is easy to mitigate DHCP starvation attacks using port security. However, mitigating DHCP spoofing attacks requires more protection.

Related articles: Configure DHCP in Cisco Router and Windows Server

For instance, Gobbler uses a unique MAC address for each DHCP request and port security. Port security could be configured to mitigate this. However, Gobbler can also be configured to use the same interface MAC address with a different hardware address for every request. This would render port security ineffective.

DHCP spoofing attacks can be mitigated using DHCP snooping on trusted ports. DHCP snooping also helps mitigate against DHCP starvation attacks by rate limiting the number of DHCP discovery messages that an untrusted port can receive. DHCP snooping builds and maintains a DHCP snooping binding database that the switch can use to filter DHCP messages from untrusted sources. The DHCP snooping binding table includes the client MAC address, IP address, DHCP lease time, binding type, VLAN number, and interface information on each untrusted switchport or interface.

Note: In a large network, the DHCP binding table may take time to build after it is enabled. For example, it could take 2 days for DHCP snooping to complete the table if DHCP lease time is 4 days.

1. DHCP Snooping 

DHCP snooping acts like a firewall between untrusted hosts and trusted DHCP servers. DHCP snooping performs the following activities:

• Validates DHCP messages received from untrusted sources and filters out invalid messages.
• Builds and maintains the DHCP snooping binding database, which contains information about untrusted hosts with leased IP addresses.
• Uses the DHCP snooping binding database to validate subsequent requests from untrusted hosts.

Dynamic ARP inspection (DAI) and IP Source Guard also use information stored in the DHCP snooping binding database.

DHCP snooping is enabled on a per-VLAN basis. By default, the feature is inactive on all VLANs. You can enable the feature on a single VLAN or a range of VLANs. Mitigate VLAN attack.

Configure DHCP Snooping to Mitigate DHCP Attack

When you configure DHCP snooping or enabling on an interface or VLAN, the switch receives a packet on an untrusted port, the switch compares the source packet information with that held in the DHCP snooping binding table.

• Trusted DHCP ports – Only ports connecting to upstream DHCP servers should be trusted. These ports that are expected to reply with DHCP offer and DHCP Ack messages. Trusted ports must be explicitly identified in the configuration.
• Untrusted ports – These ports connect to hosts that should not be providing DHCP server messages. By default, all switch ports are untrusted.

The general rule when configuring DHCP snooping is to “trust the port and enable DHCP snooping by VLAN”. Therefore, the following steps should be used to enable or configure DHCP snooping:

• Step 1. Enable DHCP snooping using the ip dhcp snooping global configuration command.

• Step 2. On trusted ports, use the ip dhcp snooping trust interface configuration command.

• Step 3. Enable DHCP snooping by VLAN, or by a range of VLANs.

Configuring a Maximum Number of MAC Addresses

S1(config)# ip dhcp snooping
S1(config)#
S1(config)# interface f0/1
S1(config-if)# ip dhcp snooping trust
S1(config-if)# exit
S1(config)#  
S1(config)# interface range f0/5 - 24
S1(config-if-range)# ip dhcp snooping limit rate 4  
S1(config-if-range)# exit
S1(config)#
S1(config)# ip dhcp snooping vlan 5,10,50-52
S1(config)#

Try to displays the resulting output of the “show ip dhcp snooping” privileged EXEC command.

S1# show ip dhcp snooping

Try to displays the resulting output of the “show ip dhcp snooping binding” command. Another way to verify is with the “show ip dhcp snooping database” command.

S1# show ip dhcp snooping binding

Untrusted ports should also rate limit the number of DHCP discovery messages they can receive per second using the ip dhcp snooping limit rate interface configuration command.

Note: Rate limiting further mitigates the risk of DHCP starvation attacks.

Similar mitigation techniques are available for DHCPv6 and IPv6 clients. Because IPv6 devices can also receive their addressing information from the router’s Router Advertisement (RA) message, there are also mitigation solutions to prevent any rogue RA messages.

Trusted and Untrusted Sources

You can configure whether DHCP snooping trusts traffic sources. An untrusted source may initiate traffic attacks or other hostile actions. To prevent such attacks, DHCP snooping filters messages from untrusted sources.

In an enterprise network, a trusted source is a device that is under your administrative control. These devices include the switches, routers, and servers in the network. Any device beyond the firewall or outside the network is an untrusted source. Generally, host ports are treated as untrusted sources.

In a service provider environment, any device that is not in the service provider network is an untrusted source (such as a customer switch). Host ports are untrusted sources.

In the NX-OS device, you indicate that a source is trusted by configuring the trust state of its connecting interface.

The default trust state of all interfaces is untrusted. You must configure DHCP server interfaces as trusted. You can also configure other interfaces as trusted if they connect to devices (such as switches or routers) inside your network. You usually do not configure host port interfaces as trusted.

Source: Cisco Configure DHCP Snooping

The post How to Configure DHCP Snooping in Cisco Switches? appeared first on TECHNIG.

Do you know what are the best ways to mitigate VLAN attacks in the network switching? Here we just explain VLAN threats and mitigate VLAN attacks. The VLAN architecture simplifies network maintenance and improves performance, but it also opens the door to abuse. A specific type of VLAN threat is a VLAN hopping attack. The Switch spoofing is a type of VLAN hopping attack, A switch interface which is connected to an end device (a computer or a printer) are normally in access mode and that end device will have access to its own VLAN.

How to Mitigate VLAN Attacks?

The VLAN hopping is a computer security exploits, a method of attacking networked resources on a virtual LAN (VLAN). The basic concept behind all VLAN hopping attacks is for an attacking host on a VLAN to gain access to traffic on other VLANs that would normally not be accessible.

 The best way to prevent basic VLAN hopping attacks:

• Disable DTP (auto trunking) negotiations on non-trunking ports by using the switchport mode access interface configuration command.

S5(config)# interface range fa0/1 - 14
S5(config-if-range)# switchport mode access
S5(config-if-range)# exit

• Manually enable the trunk link on a trunking port using the switchport mode trunk interface configuration command.

S5(config)# interface range fa0/15 - 18
S5(config-if-range)# switchport mode access
S5(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 899
S5(config-if-range)# shutdown
S5(config-if-range)# exit

• Disable DTP (auto trunking) negotiations on trunking ports using the switchport non-negotiate interface configuration command.
• Set the native VLAN to be something other than VLAN 1 and to be set on an unused VLAN using the switchport trunk native vlan vlan_number interface configuration mode command.

S5(config)# interface range fa0/19 - 24
S5(config-if-range)# switchport mode trunk
S5(config-if-range)# switchport nonegotiate
S5(config-if-range)# switchport trunk native vlan 900
S5(config-if-range)# exit

• Disable unused ports and put them in an unused VLAN.

A VLAN hopping attack can be launched in one of two ways:

• Spoofing DTP messages from the attacking host to cause the switch to enter trunking mode. From here, the attacker can send traffic tagged with the target VLAN, and the switch then delivers the packets to the destination.

• Introducing a rogue switch and enabling trunking. The attacker can then access all the VLANs on the victim switch from the rogue switch.

Double-Tagging Attack

Another type of VLAN hopping attack is a double-tagging (or double-encapsulated) attack. This attack takes advantage of the way hardware on most switches operates.

• Step 1. The attacker sends a double-tagged 802.1Q frame to the switch. The outer header has the VLAN tag of the attacker, which is the same as the native VLAN of the trunk port. The assumption is that the switch processes the frame received from the attacker as if it were on a trunk port or a port with a voice VLAN. (A switch should not receive a tagged Ethernet frame on an access port.) For the purposes of this example, assume that the native VLAN is VLAN 10. The inner tag is the victim VLAN; in this case, it is VLAN 20.
• Step 2. The frame arrives on the switch, which looks at the first 4-byte 802.1Q tag. The switch sees that the frame is destined for VLAN 10, which is the native VLAN. The switch forwards the packet out on all VLAN 10 ports after stripping the VLAN 10 tag. On the trunk port, the VLAN 10 tag is stripped, and the packet is not retagged because it is part of the native VLAN. At this point, the VLAN 20 tag is still intact and has not been inspected by the first switch.
• Step 3. The second switch looks only at the inner 802.1Q tag that the attacker sent and sees that the frame is destined for VLAN 20, the target VLAN. The second switch sends the frame on to the victim port or floods it, depending on whether there is an existing MAC address table entry for the victim host.

This type of attack is unidirectional and works only when the attacker is connected to a port residing in the same VLAN as the native VLAN of the trunk port. Thwarting this type of attack is not as easy as stopping basic VLAN hopping attacks.

The best approach to mitigating double-tagging attacks is to ensure that the native VLAN of the trunk ports is different from the VLAN of any user ports. In fact, it is considered a security best practice to use a fixed VLAN that is distinct from all user VLANs in the switched network as the native VLAN for all 802.1Q trunks.

PVLAN Edge Configuration

Some applications require that no traffic be forwarded at Layer 2 between ports on the same switch so that one neighbour does not see the traffic generated by another neighbour.

In such an environment, the use of the PVLAN (Private VLAN) Edge feature ensures that there is no exchange of unicast, broadcast, or multicast traffic between PVLAN edge ports on the switch, as shown in the figure. The PLVAN Edge feature is also called Protected Ports.

The PVLAN Edge feature has the following characteristics:

• A protected port does not forward any traffic, such as unicast, multicast, or broadcast, to any other port that is also a protected port. Data traffic cannot be forwarded between protected ports at Layer 2; only control traffic is forwarded because these packets are processed by the CPU and forwarded in software. All data traffic passing between protected ports must be forwarded through a Layer 3 device.

• Forwarding behaviour between a protected port and a non-protected port proceeds as usual.

• The default is to have no protected ports defined.

To configure the PVLAN Edge feature, enter the switchport protected interface configuration mode command.

S5(config)# interface g0/1
S5(config-if)# switchport protected
S5(config-if)# end
S5(config-if)#
S5# show interfaces g0/1 switchport

Source: CiscoPress Prevent VLAN Attacks

The post How to Configure Switch to Mitigate VLAN Attacks? appeared first on TECHNIG.

Before you can prevent MAC flooding attack on layer 2 devices, you must know enough about basic switch operation and MAC table attack.  A Layer 2 LAN switch builds a table of MAC addresses that are stored in its Content Addressable Memory (CAM). A CAM table is the same thing as a MAC address table. The CAM table binds and stores MAC addresses and associated VLAN parameters that are connected to the physical switch ports. Switches then compare the destination MAC unicast addresses of incoming frames to the entries in the CAM table to make port forwarding decisions. If the destination MAC address is in the CAM table, the switch forwards the frame accordingly. However, if the destination MAC address is not in the CAM table, the switch will flood the frame out of all ports except for the frame’s port of ingress. This is called an unknown unicast flood.

How does CAM Table attack work?

All CAM tables have a fixed size and consequently, a switch can run out of resources in which to store MAC addresses. CAM table overflow attacks (also called MAC address overflow attacks) take advantage of this limitation by bombarding the switch with fake source MAC addresses until the switch MAC address table is full.

If enough entries are entered into the CAM table before older entries expire, the table fills up to the point that no new entries can be accepted. When this occurs, the switch treats the frame as an unknown unicast and begins to flood all incoming traffic to all ports without referencing the CAM table. The switch, in essence, acts as a hub. As a result, the attacker can capture all of the frames sent from one host to another.

NOTE: Traffic is flooded only within the local VLAN, so the intruder sees only traffic within the local VLAN to which the intruder is connected.

MAC Flooding Tools for Windows and Linux

Macof tools flood the local network with random MAC addresses (causing some switches to fail open in repeating mode, facilitating sniffing). What makes these tools so dangerous is that an attacker can create a CAM table overflow attack in a matter of seconds. For instance, a Catalyst 6500 switch can store 132,000 MAC addresses in its CAM table. A tool such as Macof can flood a switch with up to 8,000 bogus frames per second; creating a CAM table overflow attack in a matter of a few seconds.

Another reason why these attack tools are dangerous is that they not only affect the local switch, they can also affect other connected Layer 2 switches. When the CAM table of a switch is full, it starts broadcasting out all ports including those connecting to other Layer 2 switches.

How to Prevent Mac Flooding Attack?

In order to mitigate CAM table overflow attacks, network administrators must implement port security. It is the simplest and most effective method to prevent MAC flooding attack and CAM table overflow. Port security allows an administrator to statically specify MAC addresses for a port or to permit the switch to dynamically learn a limited number of MAC addresses. By limiting the number of permitted MAC addresses on a port to one, port security can be used to control the unauthorized expansion of the network.

After configuring or enabling port security, the MAC addresses are assigned to a secure port, the port does not forward frames with source MAC addresses outside the group of defined addresses. When a port configured with port security receives a frame, the source MAC address of the frame is compared to the list of secure source addresses that were manually configured or autoconfigured (learned) on the port.

To enable port security, use the switchport port-security interface configuration command on an access port. The port must be configured as an access port before port security can be enabled. This is because port security can only be configured on access ports and, by default, Layer 2 switch ports are set to dynamic auto (trunking on). Therefore, the port must be initially configured with the switchport mode access interface configuration command.

To set the maximum number of MAC addresses allowed on a port using the switchport port-security maximum value command

Note: The actual maximum number of secure MAC addresses that can be configured is set by the maximum number of available MAC addresses allowed by the active Switch Database Management (SDM) template. Use the show sdm prefer command to view the current template settings.

The switch can be configured to learn about MAC addresses on a secure port in one of two ways:

• Manually configured – Manually configures the MAC address(es) using the switchport port-security mac-address interface configuration command.

• Dynamically learned – Enables the switch to dynamically learn the MAC address using the switchport port-security mac-address sticky interface configuration command.

S4(config)# interface fastEthernet 0/10
S4(config-if)# switchport mode access
S4(config-if)# switchport port-security
S4(config-if)# switchport port-security maximum 5
S4(config-if)# switchport port-security violation shutdown
S4(config-if)# switchport port-security mac-address sticky

To view the result, just type the “show port-security interface FastEthernet 0/10“.

S4#show port-security interface fastEthernet 0/10
Secure Port MaxSecureAddr CurrentAddr SecurityViolation Security Action
               (Count)       (Count)        (Count)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
       Fa0/10        5          0                 0         Shutdown
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Port Security              : Enabled
Port Status                : Secure-down
Violation Mode             : Shutdown
Aging Time                 : 0 mins
Aging Type                 : Absolute
SecureStatic Address Aging : Disabled
Maximum MAC Addresses      : 5
Total MAC Addresses        : 0
Configured MAC Addresses   : 0
Sticky MAC Addresses       : 0
Last Source Address:Vlan   : 0000.0000.0000:0
Security Violation Count   : 0
 
S4#

That’s good. The configuration to prevent MAC flooding attack works perfectly on the Cisco switch.

Port Security Violations Modes

S4(config-if)#switchport port-security aging time 150

That is not all you get to know about how to prevent MAC Flooding attack in the network. This is a simple guide to know the function of MAC table attack and simple port-security configuration.

Source: NetAcad, My local CCNA Security Lab, and Google.

The post How to prevent MAC Flooding Attack? appeared first on TECHNIG.

How much you know about a person identity? Did you ever ask yourself the question, what is my identity? Did you ever attempt to protect your personal identity? This article helps you know your identity and the ways to protect it.

Your Online and Offline Identity

As more time is spent online, your identity, both online and offline, can affect your life. Your offline identity is the person who your friends and family interact with on a daily basis at home, at school or work. They know your personal information, such as your name, age, or where you live. Your online identity is who you are in cyberspace. Your online identity is how you present yourself to others online. This online identity should only reveal a limited amount of information about you.

You should take care when choosing a username or alias for your online identity. The username should not include any personal information. It should be something appropriate and respectful. This username should not lead strangers to think you are an easy target for cybercrimes or unwanted attention.

What is my identity? And What is my Data?

Any information about you can be considered to be your data. This personal information can uniquely identify you as an individual. This data includes the pictures and messages that you exchange with your family and friends online. Other information, such as name, social security number, date and place of birth, or mother‘s maiden name, is known by you and used to identify you. Information such as medical, educational, financial, and employment information, can also be used to identify you online.

Medical Records – Person Identity

Every time you go to the doctor’s office, more information is added to your electronic health records (EHRs). The prescription from your family doctor becomes part of your EHR. Your EHR includes your physical health, mental health, and other personal information that may not be medically-related. For example, if you had counselling as a child when there were major changes in the family, this will be somewhere in your medical records. Besides your medical history and personal information, the EHR may also include information about your family.

Medical devices, such as fitness bands, use the cloud platform to enable wireless transfer, storage and display of clinical data like heart rates, blood pressures and blood sugars. These devices can generate an enormous amount of clinical data that could become part of your medical records.

Education Records

As you progress through your education, information about your grades and test scores, your attendance, courses taken, awards and degrees rewarded, and any disciplinary reports may be on your education record. This record may also include contact information, health and immunization records, and special education records including individualized education programs (IEPs).

Employment and Financial Records

Your financial record may include information about your income and expenditures. Tax records could include paycheck stubs, credit card statements, your credit rating and other banking information. Your employment information can include your past employment and your performance.

The post What is a Person Identity and How to Protect it? appeared first on TECHNIG.

I found XShell very helpful when connecting to AWS instances for cloud computing class. In the class all students use Putty. It is good SSH Remote shell but doesn’t accept the .pem file as a key pair. The Xshell support the .pem files directly without converting to ppk or regenerating the keys. Here you can free download XShell final version. It is free for Home and school users but for a business environment, you must purchase a license.

The Xshell is a powerful terminal emulator that supports SSH1, SSH2, SFTP, TELNET, RLOGIN, and SERIAL. Delivering industry-leading performance, Xshell includes a combination of features and advantages not found in other SSH clients.

Features that enterprise users will find useful include a tabbed environment, dynamic port forwarding, custom key mapping, highlight sets, VB/JScript/Python scripting, dual font support for ASCII and non-ASCII characters, and PKCS#11 Support.

Free Download XShell Final version

As of April 29, 2016, we’ve made a few changes to your free licensing. Any free licenses download on and after this date are subject to the terms laid out in the Free License Agreement below.

NetSarang is pleased to announce that our secure terminal emulator, Xshell, and our secure file transfer agent, Xftp, are available for free for home and school users. Free licensing provides all the powerful features, industry-leading security, and intuitive UI our commercial users enjoy for use at home or at any accredited school.

Home/School Free Version

One free copy of Xshell or Xftp may be used by a single person who uses the software personally on up to three devices. No other person, other than to whom the license is registered, may use or have access to Xshell or Xftp.

Home users are granted permission to install and use Xshell or Xftp on computers at home using our Free License. The installed Free License may only be used for personal non-commercial use. Any commercial use is prohibited.

Students, professors, staff are granted permission to install and use Xshell or Xftp on computers at school using our Free License granted the school has been accredited by a valid verifiable source. If you are unsure whether your school qualifies, please contact our sales team at sales @ netsarang.com. The installed Free License may only be used for educational purposes or to further the educational abilities of the school.
Thanks for Netsarang to make this software free for home and school users. I really love this software for SSH remote management. Ok, let’s free download Xshell final version from the below link.
University hospitals and research facilities/laboratories are not included in the Free Licensing Agreement.

Download Link:  Download XShell Final version

Related Seach Queries:

• XShell ssh
• XShell for Linux
• XShell portable
• XShell 6 download
• XShell download
• XShell for mac

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What security software totally can protect your system in 2020? The antivirus software companies provide best free antivirus software to protect their client’s computers against malware, viruses, rootkits and any malicious threats. Here we test the most trusted free antivirus software for 2018. All of these free antiviruses have the ability to protect your system data over the internet and local malicious activity.

“The best things in life are free,” they say. But they also say, “You get what you pay for.” Which is right? Within the antivirus realm, both. You can get very good antivirus protection for free, no question. But if you pony up the cost of a premium antivirus utility, you can get even more protection. If free is what your budget allows, we can help. Here we just bring you the top 10 best free Antivirus software for 2020.

Best Free Antivirus Software for 2020

The virus scans are a method which antivirus programs trawl through your files searching for suspicious and intruding files. This is a vital part of antivirus software, without the ability to scan you are leaving yourself open to threats. 100% free virus scans are a revolutionary way to check the status of your device. Uses are reviews and customer feedback to help choose your provider. We want to make sure you can scan your PC for free and if required get fully protected.

What is the best free Antivirus Software for 2020?

1. AVAST Free Antivirus
2. AVG Free Antivirus
3. Avira Free Antivirus
4. Bitdefender Free Antivirus
5. Kaspersky Antivirus
6. Microsoft Security Essentials
7. Panda Free Protection
8. Sophos Home for PCs and Macs
9. Baidu Antivirus
10. Comodo Free Antivirus

What you require is an ideal antivirus programming on your PC. Thanks to the lucky stars, as the giant leaders in the security industry, to deliver their best products for free.

1. Avast Free Antivirus Software

Avast is an antivirus software developed by a Czech Security company called Avast Software. The company was founded in 1988 so has been around for almost 2 decades! Within this time the software has had plenty of peaks and troughs like any normal company, but it’s coming into its own now! As of 2016, Avast! had 400 million users and around 40% of the market share (outside of China). With offices in the US, Germany, China, South Korea and Taiwan is a giant. Last month (September 2016), Avast bought AVG for $1.3 billion!

You can find Avast antiviruses in three different editions. The first one is Avast free antivirus, the second is Avast Internet Security Software and the third one is Avast Premier.

Avast Free Antivirus features: 

• Block viruses and other malware: Detect viruses, ransomware, and other threats in real-time.
• Scan for Wi-Fi security weaknesses: Expose intruders and security weaknesses in your network.
• Secure your passwords: Lock your passwords in our vault and log in to sites with 1 click.

Avast Internet Security Edition Features:

• Avoid fake sites for safer shopping: Stop criminals from stealing your passwords and banking info.
• Safely run suspicious apps: Sandbox any app to avoid affecting the rest of your PC.
• Block hackers with an advanced firewall: Stop hackers from sneaking onto your PC to steal your data.
• Block annoying spam and phishing emails*: Stop annoying junk mail for a safer, cleaner inbox.
• NuGet an extra layer of ransomware security: Keep personal photos and files safe from unwanted changes.

Avast Premier Features:

• NEWStop webcam spying: Prevent peeping Toms from watching you via your webcam.
• Permanently shred sensitive files: Securely delete files to ensure that no one recovers them.
• Automatically update apps: Reduce security risks by keeping your other apps up-to-date.

The Avast Antivirus supports Windows, Mac, Android, iPhone/iPad, and Linux server. All the Avast security products are fast, light, and pack powerful features to give you the best protection that’s easy to use and won’t slow down your PC.

2. AVG Free Antivirus Software

The AVG is also supported by the Avast team. The same as Avast free edition, the AVG has free Antivirus as well. Free antivirus is great. But it gets even better. Whether you choose free or full protection, you’ve got impressive security that even updates itself automatically. And with a cutting-edge virus scanner that blocks and removes viruses, you can be reassured that you and your family are protected from the latest threats.

AVG AntiVirus Free Features: 

Essential free protection that won’t let you down.

• Stop viruses, spyware, ransomware & other malware
• Block unsafe links, downloads, & email attachments
• Scan for PC performance problems
• Get real time-security updates

AVG Internet Security Features:

AVG best all-around protection for all your devices.

• Stop viruses, spyware, ransomware& other malware
• Block unsafe links, downloads & email attachments
• Scan for PC performance problems
• Get real-time security updates
• Secure personal folders with an extra layer of ransomware protection
• Prevent peeping Toms from watching you via your webcam NEW
• Keep hackers away with Enhanced Firewall
• Avoid fake websites for safer shopping
• Includes AntiVirus PRO for Android

You can find AVG Antivirus for Windows, Mac OS, Android, iPhone/iPod and for business Antivirus.

3. Avira Free Antivirus Software

Power your digital life with this all-in-one free package. Avira Free Security Suite secures your activities, shields your privacy, and delivers instant time-saving gains on everyday tasks. The Avira Free Antivirus shields you from malicious infections, worms, Trojans, spyware, adware, and different sorts of malware, making it a completely utilitarian anti-malware system and one of the best free antivirus programs. It supports Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP operating system. Avira Free Antivirus has a propelled heuristic mechanism which is a component not generally found in most of the free antivirus devices. Above all, it is also pliable to support Mac operating systems.

All the Essentials Feature with Avira Free Antivirus: 

• Avira Free Antivirus: Stay safe, always
• Phantom VPN: See more of the web
• Safe Shopping: You can only save if you shop safely
• SafeSearch Plus: Search faster & smarter
• Password Manager: Forget remembering passwords
• Free System Speedup: Rediscover your lost speed
• Software Updater: Stay up to date

The Avira support Windows, Mac OS devices, Android and iOS devices. Manage all your high-performing digital tools, and benefit from 24/7 health checks across multiple devices – from one central online dashboard.

4. Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition

Powerful protection, the light way. The Bitdefender make the Internet safe for you. You can be sure all threats are taken care of when you browse the web. It uses advanced technologies such as machine learning to protect you from phishing and other types of fraudulent content. Bitdefender, over the last few years, has been one of the most highly regarded antivirus products, and for good reason. A relatively new company, compared to others in the antivirus space, Bitdefender have quickly established themselves as one of the leading brands with over half a billion installs / active users to date.

Bitdefender Antivirus Features: 

• Virus Scanning and Removal: On-demand & on-access scanning – powerful scan engines ensure detection and removal of all malware, from viruses, worms and Trojans, to ransomware, zero-day exploits, rootkits and spyware.
• Advanced Threat Detection: Bitdefender Antivirus Free uses an innovative technique called behavioural detection to closely monitor your active apps. When it detects anything suspicious, it takes instant action.
• Anti-Phishing: Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition sniffs and blocks websites that masquerade as trustworthy in order to steal financial data such as passwords or credit card numbers.
• Anti-Fraud: Our advanced filtering system warns you whenever you visit websites that may try to scam you, such as casinos, porn sites, money loan schemes and others.

5. Kaspersky Free Antivirus

Kaspersky Free Antivirus software offers both the lowest system impact and some of the best malware-detection rates recorded. It even provides extra security features, including parental controls and options to lock down your webcam and stop websites from tracking your browsing activity. If you’re willing to pay to protect your computer from malware, Kaspersky Internet Security is the best option available.

Kaspersky Features: 

• AWARD-WINNING SECURITY: Protects against viruses, spyware, phishing and dangerous websites.
• PROTECTION THAT PERFORMS: Combines security and efficiency – so your devices can keep performing.
• SECURITY FOR PC, MAC & MOBILE: Protects all your devices – with just one license for you to buy.
• PRIVACY PROTECTION: Helps prevent others from intruding into your private life.
• SAFE MONEY: Adds extra security when you shop or bank online – on PC or Mac.
• SECURITY FOR KIDS – ON PC & MAC: Blocks inappropriate content and helps you manage the use of social networks
• TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Easy access to security experts.

Kaspersky Antivirus 2018 provides basic protection for your computer without slowing it down. It includes antivirus scan of files, software, and websites, аnti-phishing, protection against ransomware, control over internet traffic, vulnerability search, free automatic updates and upgrades to the latest version.

6. Microsoft Security Essentials

The Windows Defender is built into the latest versions of Windows and helps guard your PC against viruses and other malware. The Security Essentials from Microsoft is certainly one of the best free antivirus programs. Security Essentials is a top-notch antivirus program that shields you from a wide range of malware, easy to use, and gets updated on threats automatically.

Two good reasons for Microsoft security essentials to top the list are:

• Comprehensive protection: Microsoft Security Essentials helps defend your computer against viruses, worms, Trojans, and other malicious software and provides you with free spyware protection.
• Easy to get, easy to use: Microsoft Security Essentials is available at no cost, so there’s no registration process that requires billing or personal information collection. It installs after a quick download and then stays automatically up to date with the latest spyware protection technology and signature updates.
• Quiet protection: Microsoft Security Essentials doesn’t get in your way. It runs quietly in the background and schedules a scan when your computer is most likely idle. You only see alerts when you need to take action.

Note: In Windows 8, Windows Defender replaces Microsoft Security Essentials. Windows Defender runs in the background and notifies you when you need to take a specific action. However, you can use it anytime to scan for malware if your computer isn’t working properly or you clicked a suspicious link online or in an email message.

Related: Top 10 Best Android Cleaner Apps

7. Panda Free Antivirus

Panda Free Antivirus protects you while you work, play, or browse the Internet. Panda Protection which was once known as Panda Free Antivirus is another best antivirus on this list. It delivers absolute free protection to defy the most challenging unknown threats. Works well at par with another free antivirus we have identified.

Panda Protection Features: 

• Antivirus for your Windows and Android devices
• Protect your Wi-Fi connection from hackers and piggybacking neighbours
• Protect your kids on the Internet with parental controls
• Shop online with complete safety
• Protect your photos and personal data against ransomware

If you browse the Web from your smartphone or shop online, you need more advanced protection.

8. Sophos Home for PCs and Macs

Protect all the computers in your home with the free Sophos Home. The same antivirus, malware protection, and web filtering technology trusted by hundreds of thousands of businesses are now yours to take home.

Sophos Home Features: 

• Stop malware, viruses, ransomware, and malicious apps
• Block unwanted web content, phishing attacks
• Easily manage computers located everywhere from anywhere
• Works on both Windows PCs and Macs

The Sophos Home for PC and Mac is not the only free tool of Sophos company. You can find more free security tools like Mobile Security, HitmanPro – Malware Removal Tool, Sophos XG Firewall Home, Virus Removal Tool, and Sophos Antivirus for Linux Free Edition.

10. Comodo Antivirus

Comodo Free Antivirus combines the best-patented protection technologies in one comprehensive package that secures your everyday activities while increasing your productivity. It is a perfect security tool to protect your computer from getting infected.

Comodo Free Antivirus Features: 

• Complete Malware Protection
• Auto Sandbox Technology
• Defense Plus
• Secure Shopping
• Host Intrusion Prevention (HIPS)
• Fast, Cloud-Based Scans

The Comodo’s free antivirus provides the best protection from malware instances, virus infection and suspicious hidden files. It is reliable, cloud-based protection that scans quickly and updates continue to include the latest malware information from around the globe.

9. Baidu Antivirus

Baidu Antivirus combines local proactive defence features with its powerful cloud engine. With Baidu intelligent technology, you can directly monitor a program’s behaviour locally to determine if it is a virus while dynamically identifying and characterizing the code in the cloud to quickly and accurately eradicate it.

Baidu Free Antivirus Features:

• Malicious Plug-in Cleaner: Easily remove more than 300,000 malicious plug-ins to make your PC faster and cleaner.
• System Repair: Quickly repair system problems, and increase your computer’s speed.
  Network Traffic Monitor: Monitor network traffic usage, and manage running programs in real-time.
• Browser Protection: Prevent your homepage and browser from being maliciously changed.

The Baidu best free Antivirus software is 100% free, forever. Keep your computer safe with our award-winning security as long as you want, at no cost. Our upgrades, cloud file scanning, and new virus definitions are always free.

Conclusion:

There are many best free Antivirus software that is not available on this list such as Eset Antivirus, McAfee, BullGuard, Ad-Aware, PCProtect, TotalAV, ScanGuard, ZoneAlarm, and others. These are also the best antivirus software but doesn’t have a fully free edition.

The post Best Free Antivirus Software for All Devices appeared first on TECHNIG.

When you configure your Wifi router for your home or office, you set a password. You might be lost or have forgotten the Wifi Password. Here we help you find If you lost or cannot remember your network security key to connect another device to a particular Wi-Fi access point, you can find Windows 10 WiFi password easily.

Find Windows 10 WiFi Password

If you have a computer other than your Surface that is running Windows and that is connected to your wireless network, you can find the password by doing the following:

A quick way to find Windows 10 Wifi Password:

1. On the Windows search box, type “network and sharing.”
2. Click Network and Sharing Centre in the search box to open it.
3. Now click the Wi-Fi connection.
4. On the General tab of Wi-Fi Status, click Wireless Properties.
5. Select the Security tab of Wi-Fi network properties.
6. Tick the checkbox of Show characters to show you the saved WiFi password of Windows 10.

It’s the short and quickest way to find Windows 10/11 passwords on a PC and laptop. You can find a third-party software that shows you the saved password of WiFi on Windows 10. The best and most secure option is using this method. Another way is using a command line such as Windows PowerShell or the command prompt.

In command prompt and PowerShell, the netsh utility helps you manage and configure WiFi network connection in Windows operating system. Let’s find Windows 10 password with the command line.

Related: How to forget Windows 10 Wi-Fi network profile?

Find Windows 10 WiFi Password with Command

Finding a saved Wi-Fi password with the command line just needs to execute the below command on PowerShell or Command Prompt. You must run the Command Prompt or PowerShell as administrator privilege.

1. Run PowerShell.
2. Type “netsh WLAN show profiles” to see the WiFi network profiles.
3. Now type the below command to find the saved WiFi password.

netsh WLAN show profiles name=”ONEVATAN” key=clear

That’s good. You can find the WiFi password under the Security settings. 

Good Luck, and for more, visit Windows 10 WiFi settings on the Microsoft website.

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The post How to Find WiFi Password on Windows 10/11? appeared first on TECHNIG.

The Windows operating systems have a robust data encryption system. You can encrypt folder files to protect your data. The encrypted data and folder, only accessible to you. The other user can’t access the encoded files and folders. Even with administrator privileges.

Data encryption protect you against unauthorised access to your mobile and computer. Encryption is the process of encoding messages or information in such a way that only authorised user can read it. Simply, encrypting a file means to translate the files into a secret code to protect it from unauthorised access even the data was stolen.

The data, personal files, videos, photos and messages on a computer Laptop or mobile the most important things for a user. But in this article, we accurately show you, how to encrypt your data in Windows, iOS, and Android to secure your devices a step ahead.

Encrypt Folder Files in Windows 10

In Windows operating system, you can encrypt a file from the file properties. Just right-click the file and go to properties.

1. Right-click the folder you want to encrypt the contents, then click Properties.
2. On the General tab of folder properties, click the Advanced button.
3. Now tick the checkbox of “Encrypt contents to secure data“.
4. Finally, click OK then click Apply to encrypt the contents of the folder.

1. On the General tab of the file properties page, click Advanced and open the advanced attributes page.

2. Tick the Encrypt contents to secure data checkbox and click OK to apply the changes, then click OK on the file properties to close folder properties and starting encryption.

3. To encrypt files with sub-folders and files, select Apply changes to this folder, sub-folders and files then click OK.

Data Backup for Encryption Key

Here you need to back up the encryption key. For security your encrypted files and data backup you must have the encryption key. Later you can recover the lost data with this encryption key.

1. When you click OK, the system asks you to back up the encryption key.

2. Now, you see the backup balloon of encryption on the right side of task-bar. Click on that and backup the keys.

3. Click the Backup now (recommended) and go to certification export wizard page for data protection and backup. This encryption key backup is important. Never forget to take a backup.

4. On the Welcome to the Certificate, Export Wizard page click Next for Windows 10 encrypt a folder.

5. Just leave the default selected option and click Next.

6. Type a password to keep secure the exported certification and click Next.

7. Choose a location to save the EFS key in a secure location and click Next.

8. Finally, click Finish to complete the task and see the EFS Certification backups.

Note: 

• Don’t lose the backup keys.
• Don’t share with other users.
• Keep it in a secure place.

Here is the result of EFS contents of Windows 10 encrypt folder.

Good, that is all you need to know about data encryption and encrypt folder files in Windows 10. To encrypt entire driver or disk, you can use BitLocker driver encryption which is an enterprise feature of Windows. See more at Enable BitLocker Drive Encryption on Windows To Protect Your Data for enterprise data protection.

If your Windows doesn’t have Bitlocker driver encryption, try to encrypt with a third-party application like VeraCrypt or TrueCrypt.

The post How to Encrypt Folder Files in Windows 10 for Data Protection? appeared first on TECHNIG.

Do you want to buy an SSL certificate(s) for your company but are unable to choose a reliable reseller? Are you delaying your purchase decision just because you’ve not yet been able to finalize a good company from where you can compare and buy the SSL certificates that you need? If you answered these questions in Yes, then your search is about to be over. Because here we’re going to review SSL2BUY.com, a company which has been able to make its mark in the cut-throat cybersecurity industry within a short span of time. Let’s see what makes them better than most of their competitors, and where do they fall short of expectations. Let’s begin with SSL2BUY Review:

All Major Brands Available

SSL2Buy.com is authorized reseller of all major SSL certificate brands, so you can buy the certificate of any major certifying authority (CA) from them without any problem. Comodo, GeoTrust, Thawte, GlobalSign, RapidSSL, AlphaSSL, Symantec – all of them sell their products on SSL2Buy. You can easily compare the prices of all these companies on SSL2Buy.com and then make your purchase decision.

A Truly Global Company

Unlike other resellers which provide their services within a specific country, SSL2Buy.com is a truly global company reselling SSL certificates. It serves 69 countries, including countries where internet access is also heavily restricted (i.e. China, Russia, UAE etc). In a nutshell, you’re dealing with a highly capable company.

Highly Professional Customer Support

The customer support of SSL2Buy.com is highly professional. They not only listen to your problems and solve them but also explain the ins and outs of your SSL products to you if you need to know. The reviews regarding the company’s customer support are excellent on all websites, and I’ve also experienced their professional support in person. First of all, there won’t be anything wrong with the products that they sell, but just in case if something goes wrong (because SSL certificate implementation is a technical thing), their support team will be available to help you in any possible ways.

One-Stop-Shop for All Your Server Security Needs

Another great thing about SSL2Buy.com is that their name may be revolving around SSL certificates, but the scope of their business is much broader than that. This company is essentially a one-stop-shop for all your server security requirements. From UCC certificates for Microsoft Exchange servers to code signing certificates to malware scanners, everything is available on SSL2Buy.com and you don’t need to go anywhere else.

Highly Competitive Pricing

Despite all these impressive features this company has managed to keep its rates much more reasonable than any other SSL certificate reseller. They sell great products at highly affordable prices, which makes them arguably one of the best SSL certificate resellers.

Money-Back Guarantee

Finally, SSL2Buy also offers the money-back guarantee on all the products sold by it. If you feel dissatisfied by any of the products purchased from them, you can request a refund under their 30-days replacement and refund policy so there shouldn’t be any reason to worry.

SSL2BUY Review Conclusion:

With no major cons in the sight, SSL2Buy is a solid company that you can’t ignore while taking your SSL purchase decisions.

The company believes in keeping things as simple as possible, which sometimes may not seem very appealing to some of us. However, rest assured about their service quality. They’ve earned a reputation for themselves, and therefore they’re unlikely to spoil it by giving a bad experience to their customers. You’ll be highly satisfied if you purchase your SSL products from SSL2BUY.

The post SSL2BUY Review: A Look on Their Pros and Cons appeared first on TECHNIG.

Did you ever protect your files with RAR and forget the password? In this article, I am going to share top 4 Free RAR password recovery software. So these tools can help you recover the forgotten password of RAR files, it will take several minutes to recover the password just patience.

 RAR Password Recovery Software

So use any of this software to recover your forgotten password, remember it might take several minutes. If you use a complex password, like symbols it will take more then an hour, just patience.

Related Articles:

• Top 10 Password Cracking Tools
• Reset Windows 10 Forgotten Password
• Reset Kali Linux Password
• Top 10 Wireless Password Cracking Tools

1. RAR Password Genius

This is a small but powerful password recovery utility to recover lost or forgotten passwords for RAR archives created by WINRAR, RAR or other compressed software. No matter how complex the password is and what encryption algorithm is used, just simply import RAR file and click “Start” to begin to recover password and unlock RAR file. In a few seconds, you can open your RAR file with a password.

2. WinRAR Password Cracker

3. KRyLack RAR Password Recovery

4. SmartKey

That’s all, the password recovery tools for Rar file we were sharing with you. I hope you find this article helpful. So if you like this article please share it with your friends on social media.

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