For IT lovers and Tech geeks, It’s time to Setup a Penetration Testing Lab to learn Information Security and testing some hacking tips for protecting our network or home computers from being hacked. This Lab we are going to create is not only for Hacking and Penetration Testing. It’s the lab which is necessary for all computer science students and technology geeks.

A Lab within a computer reduce electricity usage and has many more benefits. Even you can create it within your personal Laptop. If it would be on a laptop, it is portable and you can carry everywhere with yourself. The time is gone when the hardware of a computer was weak and just could run an operating system with a few software. But nowadays each computer at least has a CPU i3 or higher with 4 GB RAM or higher. So you can run multiple virtual operating systems (OS) separately at the same time.

Virtualization Tools To Set Up A Penetration Testing Lab

There are many Virtualization software for this purpose and all of them are easy to install and using a virtualization environment. Hyper-v,  a free and built-in hypervisor software on Windows 8 higher. It’s the best and I like it too much, but for enterprise network and working with Microsoft software products. Like SQL Server, Windows Server, System Center,  and others.

When we are using for multi-vendor products, Linux, Windows, Mac OS, Chrome OS, Router IOS, and Web Server and web Apps, we must install and test them on Lab that can support all of them. So from basic hacking a standalone PC to Wireless hacking and even web app penetration testing to enterprise network penetration testing I suggest to create your lab with VMWare.

VMWare workstation is the appropriate tool for setting up your penetration testing lab and networking training lab. Unfortunately, it is not free like Hyper-V. But you can use VMWare player for free which is not more flexible and doesn’t have the same functions as a workstation.

So good, you completely understand which Virtualization software is preferable and flexible for Learning Penetration Testing and Hacking. Now try to create your lab. First of all download all software you need for testing. Windows Server, Windows Client, Linux Operating system, and Web Application penetrating testing.

Install VMware as Virtual Host Server

Now go to VMware website and download the VMware workstation. Download the Windows edition if you are using Windows. It has for Linux and Mac OS also.  When the download complete successfully, simply install it like simple software installation and create a new virtual machine according to this step by step article ” How to Create A Virtual Machine in VMWare?“.

Note: Your system must meet the virtualization requirement. It must support virtualization technology (VT) and enabled before installing any virtualization software. You can enable it through your system BIOS where you can find other settings also.

To install Kali Linux on VMWare read the article “How to Install Dual Boot Windows and Kali Linux?“. In the next step, I will show you How to configure VMWare for Penetration Testing Lab.

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Before you can prevent MAC flooding attack on layer 2 devices, you must know enough about basic switch operation and MAC table attack.  A Layer 2 LAN switch builds a table of MAC addresses that are stored in its Content Addressable Memory (CAM). A CAM table is the same thing as a MAC address table. The CAM table binds and stores MAC addresses and associated VLAN parameters that are connected to the physical switch ports. Switches then compare the destination MAC unicast addresses of incoming frames to the entries in the CAM table to make port forwarding decisions. If the destination MAC address is in the CAM table, the switch forwards the frame accordingly. However, if the destination MAC address is not in the CAM table, the switch will flood the frame out of all ports except for the frame’s port of ingress. This is called an unknown unicast flood.

How does CAM Table attack work?

All CAM tables have a fixed size and consequently, a switch can run out of resources in which to store MAC addresses. CAM table overflow attacks (also called MAC address overflow attacks) take advantage of this limitation by bombarding the switch with fake source MAC addresses until the switch MAC address table is full.

If enough entries are entered into the CAM table before older entries expire, the table fills up to the point that no new entries can be accepted. When this occurs, the switch treats the frame as an unknown unicast and begins to flood all incoming traffic to all ports without referencing the CAM table. The switch, in essence, acts as a hub. As a result, the attacker can capture all of the frames sent from one host to another.

NOTE: Traffic is flooded only within the local VLAN, so the intruder sees only traffic within the local VLAN to which the intruder is connected.

MAC Flooding Tools for Windows and Linux

Macof tools flood the local network with random MAC addresses (causing some switches to fail open in repeating mode, facilitating sniffing). What makes these tools so dangerous is that an attacker can create a CAM table overflow attack in a matter of seconds. For instance, a Catalyst 6500 switch can store 132,000 MAC addresses in its CAM table. A tool such as Macof can flood a switch with up to 8,000 bogus frames per second; creating a CAM table overflow attack in a matter of a few seconds.

Another reason why these attack tools are dangerous is that they not only affect the local switch, they can also affect other connected Layer 2 switches. When the CAM table of a switch is full, it starts broadcasting out all ports including those connecting to other Layer 2 switches.

How to Prevent Mac Flooding Attack?

In order to mitigate CAM table overflow attacks, network administrators must implement port security. It is the simplest and most effective method to prevent MAC flooding attack and CAM table overflow. Port security allows an administrator to statically specify MAC addresses for a port or to permit the switch to dynamically learn a limited number of MAC addresses. By limiting the number of permitted MAC addresses on a port to one, port security can be used to control the unauthorized expansion of the network.

After configuring or enabling port security, the MAC addresses are assigned to a secure port, the port does not forward frames with source MAC addresses outside the group of defined addresses. When a port configured with port security receives a frame, the source MAC address of the frame is compared to the list of secure source addresses that were manually configured or autoconfigured (learned) on the port.

To enable port security, use the switchport port-security interface configuration command on an access port. The port must be configured as an access port before port security can be enabled. This is because port security can only be configured on access ports and, by default, Layer 2 switch ports are set to dynamic auto (trunking on). Therefore, the port must be initially configured with the switchport mode access interface configuration command.

To set the maximum number of MAC addresses allowed on a port using the switchport port-security maximum value command

Note: The actual maximum number of secure MAC addresses that can be configured is set by the maximum number of available MAC addresses allowed by the active Switch Database Management (SDM) template. Use the show sdm prefer command to view the current template settings.

The switch can be configured to learn about MAC addresses on a secure port in one of two ways:

• Manually configured – Manually configures the MAC address(es) using the switchport port-security mac-address interface configuration command.

• Dynamically learned – Enables the switch to dynamically learn the MAC address using the switchport port-security mac-address sticky interface configuration command.

S4(config)# interface fastEthernet 0/10
S4(config-if)# switchport mode access
S4(config-if)# switchport port-security
S4(config-if)# switchport port-security maximum 5
S4(config-if)# switchport port-security violation shutdown
S4(config-if)# switchport port-security mac-address sticky

To view the result, just type the “show port-security interface FastEthernet 0/10“.

S4#show port-security interface fastEthernet 0/10
Secure Port MaxSecureAddr CurrentAddr SecurityViolation Security Action
               (Count)       (Count)        (Count)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
       Fa0/10        5          0                 0         Shutdown
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Port Security              : Enabled
Port Status                : Secure-down
Violation Mode             : Shutdown
Aging Time                 : 0 mins
Aging Type                 : Absolute
SecureStatic Address Aging : Disabled
Maximum MAC Addresses      : 5
Total MAC Addresses        : 0
Configured MAC Addresses   : 0
Sticky MAC Addresses       : 0
Last Source Address:Vlan   : 0000.0000.0000:0
Security Violation Count   : 0
 
S4#

That’s good. The configuration to prevent MAC flooding attack works perfectly on the Cisco switch.

Port Security Violations Modes

S4(config-if)#switchport port-security aging time 150

That is not all you get to know about how to prevent MAC Flooding attack in the network. This is a simple guide to know the function of MAC table attack and simple port-security configuration.

Source: NetAcad, My local CCNA Security Lab, and Google.

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File sharing in a Windows networked machines is simple. But sharing file between Kali Linux and Windows has a bit complicated process. You need to know both Linux and Windows file sharing protocols and utilities to share file between Kali Linux and Windows 10. Previously, we wrote many articles about sharing files between different operating system. Here we completely focus an easy way to share file between Kali Linux and Windows 10.

The process to Share file between Kali Linux and Windows.

1. Check network connectivity.
2. Enable Windows File Sharing.
3. Create a Share folder in Windows.
4. Configure Kali Linux File Sharing.
5. Install “cifs-utils” for mounting the shared folder in Linux.
6. Access Windows shared folder from Linux.
7. Sharing file between Linux and Windows.

Share File between Kali Linux and Windows 10

Do all the process of above list to enable file sharing between Kali Linux and Windows 10. Before starting the file sharing, make sure your Windows and Linux machine are works properly.

Note: Here I just explain some important commands. All the process are explained clearly in the video at the end of this post.

1. Check Network Connectivity

Checking network connectivity with “ipconfig” command in Windows and “ifconfig” command in Kali Linux. Your computer must be on the same network.

The “ipconfig” command shows IP address configuration of Windows operating system. And the “ifconfig” command shows the Linux IP address and network configuration.

Related: How to network Linux and Windows 10?

2. Enable Windows File Sharing.

I don’t want to explain it again. You can check the process of enabling file sharing in Windows 10 on the above network Linux and Windows article. From advanced sharing settings of Windows, expand All Networks and turn on public file sharing and disable password protection option then click Save Changes.

Do the step 3 create a folder and share it for file sharing. This folder will be accessible from Linux.

5. Install “cifs-utils” for mounting the shared folder in Linux.

The CIFS filesystem is the preferred method for mounting SMB/CIFS shares on Linux. The in-kernel CIFS filesystem relies on a set of user-space tools. That package of tools is called cifs-utils. Although not really part of Samba proper, these tools were originally part of the Samba package.

To install “cifs-utils” type “apt-get install cifs-utils” in termial.

6. Access Windows shared folder from Linux.

Finally, access the shared folder of Windows 10 from Kali Linux. Try to mount the shared folder with “mount.cifs“command. This will mount the shared folder to the Linux system.

Command details: 

• mount.cifs: is the command for mounting SMB/CIFS shares on Linux.
• //Win10: is the Windows 10 computer name. You can use the IP address as well.
• /SharedFiles: is the name of Windows 10 shared folder.
• /root: Kali Linux, root user.
• /Desktop: desktop directory of the Kali Linux, root user.
• /NetworkFiles: is the folder on the Kali Linux desktop for mounting shared files.
• -o user=shais: is the mount.cifs command option for specifying Windows user name and password.

Sharing File between Windows 10 and Kali Linux video tutorial

Any question?

Just comment us we will reply you as soon as possible.

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Kali Linux has not only become the information security professional’s platform of choice, but evolved into an industrial-grade, and world-class operating system distribution–mature, secure, and enterprise-ready. In this post, we brought you a free Kali Linux book, Mastering Penetration Testing Distribution.

Through the decade-long development process, Muts and his team, along with countless volunteers from the hacker community, have taken on the burden of streamlining and organizing our work environment, freeing us from much of the drudgery. They provided a secure and reliable foundation, allowing us to concentrate on securing our digital world.

An amazing community has built up around Kali Linux. Every month, more than 300,000 of us download a version of Kali. We come together in online and real-world training rooms and grind through the sprawling Offensive Security Penetration Testing Labs, pursuing the near-legendary Offensive Security certifications. We come together on the Kali forums, some 40,000 strong, and hundreds of us at a time can be found on the Kali IRC channel. We gather at conferences and attend Kali Dojos to learn from the developers themselves how to best leverage Kali.

However, the Kali team has never released an official Kali Linux manual, until now.

Kali Linux Revealed – Mastering Penetration Testing Distribution

In this book, we’ll focus on the Kali Linux platform itself, and help you understand and maximize Kali from the ground up. The developers will walk you through Kali Linux features and fundamentals, provide a crash course in basic Linux commands and concepts, and then walk you through the most common Kali Linux installation scenarios. You’ll learn how to configure, troubleshoot and secure Kali Linux and then dive into the powerful Debian package manager. Throughout this expansive section, you’ll learn how to install and configure packages, how to update and upgrade your Kali installation, and how to create your custom packages. Then you’ll learn how to deploy your custom installation across massive enterprise networks. Finally, you’ll be guided through advanced topics such as kernel compilation, custom ISO creation, industrial-strength encryption, and even how to install crypto kill switches to safeguard your sensitive information.

Whether you’re a veteran or an absolute n00b, this is the best place to start with Kali Linux, the security professional’s platform of choice.

Whether you’re new to infosec, or a seasoned security veteran, the free “Kali Linux Revealed” online course has something to teach you. The saying “You can’t build a great building on a weak foundation” rings true in the information security field as well, and if you use (or want to learn to use) Kali in a professional way, you should familiarise yourself as best as you can with the internals of the penetration testing distribution – and that’s what this training is all about – turning you into a Kali Linux professional user.

Learning how to master Kali gives you the freedom to create Kali Linux Recipes like the Kali ISO of Doom, or the Kali Evil AP. You’ll be able to build optimized and custom Kali kernels, host them on your repositories and create your custom Kali Appliances – and there’s so much more.

Download the free Kali Linux Book: Kali Linux Revealed Book

After completing this course, you will be able to:

• Use the Kali Linux OS proficiently.
• Automate, customize and pre-seed Kali Linux Installs.
• Create Kali appliances such as the Kali ISO of Doom.
• Build, modify and host Kali packages and repositories.
• Create, fork and modify simple Kali packages.
• Customize and rebuild your Kernel.
• Deploy Kali over the network.
• Manage and orchestrate multiple installations of Kali.
• Build and customize Kali ARM images.
• Create custom penetration testing devices.

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The simple to guide to Vulnerability Assessment vs Penetration Testing. The penetration testing services test the security of your information systems, by identifying and exploiting weaknesses. A security penetration tester test and analyze the organization from the perspective of its most likely threats, examine business processes, information flows and the technology that supports the business operations. This allows them to determine the resilience of the company environment to malicious attempts to penetrate their systems.

Penetration Testing Methodology and Tools

A penetration testing team has a documented, tried and tested, penetration testing methodology based on industry best practices such as the OSSTMM (Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual) and the PTES (Penetration Testing Execution Standard). This ensures that you receive reliable, repeatable results, and minimizes the risk to your systems under test.

They use an arsenal of penetration testing tools similar to those used by attackers on the internet – in conjunction with in-house developed, commercial, and best-of-breed open-source penetration tools. Keeping up to date with the latest security vulnerabilities, trends, and hacking techniques is our business.

They produce a comprehensive business risk-focused penetration testing report covering the approach taken, the techniques used, and the vulnerabilities identified. Then apply their expertise to make prioritized procedural and strategic recommendations to ensure that your systems are secure against future attack.

Vulnerability Assessment vs Penetration Testing

Vulnerability assessments use testing tools (vulnerability scanners) to identify security vulnerabilities in a system or environment. While they highlight the technical threat, they do not qualify the business threat nor do they assess common attack methods. Thus, the major distinction between a vulnerability assessment and a penetration test (sometimes referred to as Ethical Hacking) is that the vulnerability assessment does not actively exploit the identified problems to determine the full exposure or validate its existence which can lead to inaccuracies in the report (false positives).

Unfortunately, many organizations claiming to perform penetration tests actually “oversell” their services and just provide vulnerability assessments using scanning tools. Although the initial cost may be less, attack scenarios can be overlooked which can lead to a later security breach. The sense of Security does not engage in these practices, and all identified security issues are reported with step by step instructions and screenshots on how to replicate the exploitable condition. Demonstrating the real risk visually provides value to management who may be unable to grasp some of the complex technical concepts involved in this line of work, and highlights the urgency in fixing some issues.

Types of Penetration Testing

Our pen testers can perform a range of assessments that simulate attack testing scenarios from individuals with varying degrees of knowledge and access to your systems including:

• External penetration test – casual or focused intruders on the Internet with limited knowledge
• Internal penetration test – disgruntled or careless employees or contractors with legitimate access to the corporate network
• Extranet penetration test – business partners who are part of the corporate Extranet
• Remote access penetration test – casual or focused intruders from known and unknown remote access entry points
• Mobile application penetration test – assessment of mobile devices, applications and MDM solutions
• Social engineering test – test the human factor using techniques such as tailgating, pretexting, phishing and baiting
• Physical penetration test – test physical security using real-world intrusion techniques
• Red teaming– emulating a motivated attacker that will use any means possible to obtain access to your systems and data. It is a hybrid approach using many/all of the above methods.

Penetration Testing as Part of Corporate Governance

Penetration tests are a requirement for meeting regulations such as PCI DSS, ISM, SOX, and HIPAA. It is also defined in industry standards such as ISO 17799 and ISO 27001 as important security tests an organization should regularly undertake.

Key Penetration Testing Technology Focus Areas

Traditional penetration testing disciplines include:

• Network penetration testing (infrastructure penetration testing), e.g. router, switch, firewall, etc.
• Server penetration testing, e.g. operating system, application, etc.

Advanced penetration testing service disciplines include, but are not limited to:

• Application penetration testing (including web applications, web services, mobile applications, thick-client applications, etc.)
• Human factor penetration testing (social engineering)
• Red teaming
• Physical security (physical penetration testing)
• SAP Security
• Intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS)
• Wireless
• PBX / PABX including VoIP
• Interactive Voice Response (IVR)
• Remote access solutions e.g. Citrix, Terminal Services, IPSEC VPN, SSL VPN, etc.
• Virtualisation
• Database
• SCADA
• BlackBerry Enterprise Server
• Microsoft Office SharePoint Server
• Mobility solutions
• Black box

Vulnerability Management and Protection

The penetration testing service providers provide a one-off assessment, or on an ongoing basis. You can leverage our security expertise to provide you with automated, continuous, cost-effective, vulnerability management protection where they work with you to develop a recurring vulnerability assessment program for different segments of your environment. With a recurring program, They can highlight current exposures in a timely fashion, and provide you with trending data that allows you to monitor the progress of your IT security initiatives over time. Vulnerability assessment vs penetration testing guide.

Source: Sense of security

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The installation of Kali Linux is a bit difficult for new users. So in this article, we help you to install Kali Linux version 2.0 on VMWare. The Kali Linux is a Debian-derived Linux distribution designed for digital forensics and penetration testing.

The first thing you need to install VMware on your computer and create a Virtual Machine for Kali Linux then set up a Penetration Testing Lab.

• How to Create Virtual Machine on VMWare?

The second step is to download the latest version of Kali Linux for you Pentest Lab.

• Download Kali Linux 

How to Install Kali Linux On VMWare?

Now I assume that you have installed VMWare, created a virtual machine and the Kali Linux image downloaded successfully. So you are ready to install Kali Linux.

1. Open the VMWare and run the Kali Linux virtual machine to boot the Kali.

2. Select Graphical Install from Boot menu with arrow keys and press enter.

3. Choose your system language and click Continue or press enter.

4. Select your location for local page and click Continue.

5. Select American English from Configure the Keyboard page or what keyboard standard you are using then click Continue.

6. From the Configure the Network page, type your hostname and click Continue.

7. Leave the Domain name empty and click Continue if you don’t have a directory server.

8. Set a password for the root user and click Continue. Don’t forget the password. If you forgot the password read the Reset Kali Linux Password topic.

9. Select the time zone of your location from Configure the Clock page then click Continue.

10. On the Partition Disks page, select Guided-use entire disk then click Continue.

11. On the above screen do nothing and click Continue.

12. Select All files in one partition (recommended for new users) and then click Continue.

13. Select Finish partition and write changes to disk then click Continue to apply the changes for partitioning the hard disk.

14. Finally, select Yes the click Continue to implement the changes.

It takes time to finish the installation, so be patient and drink a cup of tea.  😉

15. For Configure the package manager selects No and click Continue.

16. Select Yes to install the GRUB boot loader on a hard disk and click Continue.

17. On the Install, the GRUB boot loader on a hard disk page select /dev/sda then clicks Continue.

18. Finally, the installation has finished successfully. Click Continue.

The system will reboot and log in as root user and password you have entered.

Yes, welcome to Kali Linux v2.0.

That’s all. Hope you can install Kali Linux without any problems.

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The hackers have their own operating system with many hacking tools and cracking tools. These operating systems are equipped with the most powerful hacking tools from well known underground hackers groups and ethical hacking companies. These 10 best hackers operating system is using by hackers. The tools within these best hackers operating system are updated and ready to help you become a real hacker, penetration tester.

Getting past the cybersecurity certifications and other data security certifications need a hand-on lab. These are what you need to make your own penetration testing lab to practice hacking tips and getting ready for cybersecurity certification exams.

Related: 15 Most Wanted Cyber Security Certifications with High Salary

Top Best Hackers Operating System

Let’s see the top best hackers operating system to the below list. Starting from the best one Kali Linux and checking some new and old unprompted hacking tools. Here we just list the hacking tools, but it’s up to you how to use them.

1. Kali Linux

Kali Linux is an open-source project that is maintained and funded by Offensive Security, a provider of world-class information security training and penetration testing services. In addition to Kali Linux, Offensive Security also maintains the Exploit Database and the free online course, Metasploit Unleashed.

The Kali Linux is free for download. The team generate fresh Kali Linux image files every few months, which make available for download. You can download Kali Linux in it’s latest release. Try to download Kali Linux Hacker operating system.

2. BackBox Linux

BackBox is more than an operating system, it is a Free Open Source Community project with the aim to promote the culture of security in the IT environment and give its contribute to make it better and safer. All this using exclusively Free Open Source Software by demonstrating the potential and power of the community.

The BackBox hackers operating system is also have built one of the very first cloud platforms for penetration testing. You can download from the BackBox penetration testing operating system.

3. BackTrack Linux

The evolution of BackTrack spans many years of development, penetration tests, and unprecedented help from the security community. BackTrack originally started with earlier versions of live Linux distributions called Whoppix, IWHAX, and Auditor. When BackTrack was developed, it was designed to be an all in one live hacking CD used on security audits and was specifically crafted to not leave any remnants of itself on the laptop. It has since expanded to being the most widely adopted penetration testing framework in existence and is used by the security community all over the world.

Now the BackTrack Linux is replaced with Kali Linux. The growth version of backtrack tools come within Kali Linux. Using Kali Linux and Backtrack is the same but better to use Kali Linux for your penetration testing lab.

Related: Ethical Hacking & Information Security Certification Road-map

4. BlackArch Linux

BlackArch Linux is an Arch Linux-based penetration testing distribution for penetration testers and security researchers. The repository contains 1629 tools. You can install tools individually or in groups. BlackArch Linux is compatible with existing Arch installs. For more information, see the installation instructions. Also, the news is published on our blog.

The BlackArch Live ISO contains multiple window managers. Download the BlackArch Linux for penetration testing.

5. Deft Linux

DEFT (an acronym for Digital Evidence & Forensics Toolkit) is a distribution made for Computer Forensics, with the purpose of running live on systems without tampering or corrupting devices (hard disks, pendrives, etc…) connected to the PC where the boot process takes place.

The DEFT system is based on GNU Linux, it can run live (via DVDROM or USB pendrive), installed or run as a Virtual Appliance on VMware or Virtualbox. DEFT employs LXDE as a desktop environment and WINE for executing Windows tools under Linux. It features a comfortable mount manager for device management. Try to download the Deft Linux from Deft Linux website.

6. NST – Network Security Toolkit

NST is a bootable ISO live DVD/USB Flash Drive based on Fedora Linux. The toolkit was designed to provide easy access to best-of-breed Open Source Network Security Applications and should run on most x86_64 systems.

The main intent of developing this toolkit was to provide the security professional and network administrator with a comprehensive set of Open Source Network Security Tools. The majority of tools published in the article: Top 125 Security Tools by INSECURE.ORG are available in the toolkit. An advanced Web User Interface (WUI) is provided for system/network administration, navigation, automation, network monitoring, host geolocation, network analysis and configuration of many network and security applications found within the NST distribution. In the virtual world, NST can be used as a network security analysis validation and monitoring tool on enterprise virtual servers hosting virtual machines. You can download the NST live CD from NST Live CD.

Penetration Testing Tools and Ethical Hacking Tools

There are more tools related to penetration testing tools and ethical hacking tools. But the hackers all in one and Swiss army tools in Kali Linux. The below lists are some new tools that are using for penetration testing and network troubleshooting.

• 7. Pentoo
• 8. NodZero
• 9. GnackTrck
• 10. Bugtraq
• 11. Live Hacking OS
• 12. BalckBuntu
• 13. Cyborg Hawk Linux
• 14. Knoppix STD
• 15. Weakerthan
• 16. Matriux Linux

The Final Word

These are the best hackers operating system, but the final word for those how to want to become a professional hacker or data security expert. These tools can not make you a hacker. Try to learn the real hacker’s vision, thought and service they provide for the world’s of information security and cyberspace security.

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